7 ways milk thistle, dandelion and liquorice support liver health

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At Amchara, we advocate for the importance of taking a Personalised Health, holistic approach to your health. A vital part of this is recognising your liver’s pivotal role in detoxification, metabolism, and overall wellbeing.

In functional medicine, supporting liver health is essential for maintaining the body’s balance. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), and liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) are three botanicals traditionally used to support liver function.

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This evidence-based article explores seven ways milk thistle supports your liver health, complemented by insights into the benefits of dandelion and liquorice.

Milk thistle contains silymarin, a potent antioxidant that protects liver cells from the oxidative stress caused by toxins and free radicals. Oxidative stress can lead to liver damage and can contribute to the development of chronic health diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatitis, as well as the development of other serious health conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. A review of clinical trials indicated that silymarin stabilises cell membranes and increases the antioxidant capacity of liver cells, thereby enhancing their resilience against damage.

Dandelion is rich in polyphenols, which exhibit antioxidant properties. Studies have shown that dandelion root extract can protect the liver from toxic injuries by reducing oxidative stress markers.

Liquorice root contains glycyrrhizin, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Research demonstrates that liquorice root can decrease markers of liver damage, and so support liver health.

Chronic inflammation is a key factor in the progression of liver disease. Silymarin in milk thistle has been shown to inhibit inflammatory pathways, reducing liver inflammation. Clinical studies have shown that silymarin can lead to a significant decrease in liver enzyme levels, indicating reduced inflammation.

Dandelion exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by modulating the body’s inflammatory responses. Research indicates that dandelion treatment can reduce liver injury and improve liver function by decreasing inflammation.

Liquorice root’s glycyrrhizin exerts anti-inflammatory effects, helping to reduce liver inflammation, and prevent further damage.

The liver has a remarkable capacity to regenerate. Silymarin has been observed to stimulate protein synthesis, promoting the regeneration of liver tissues. This regenerative property aids in the recovery from liver injuries and diseases.

While direct evidence on dandelion and liquorice promoting liver regeneration is more limited, their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties contribute to creating a conducive environment for liver healing and regeneration.

Milk thistle has been traditionally used to protect the liver from toxins. Silymarin alters the structure of liver cell membranes, preventing toxins from entering the cells, and so protecting against liver damage caused by environmental toxins.

Dandelion root extract has demonstrated protective effects against toxic liver injury, helping to safeguard the liver from harmful substances.

Liquorice root has been studied for its ability to prevent or reduce liver damage (hepatoprotective) effects, with research indicating its potential to prevent against liver toxicity and support liver health.

Bile production is essential for digestion and the elimination of toxins. Milk thistle has been found to increase bile flow, supporting these critical liver functions. Enhanced bile production aids in the digestion of fats, and the removal of waste products from the liver.

Dandelion is traditionally used as a choleretic agent, meaning it stimulates bile production. Increased bile flow can help in detoxification processes and improve liver function.

Liquorice has been noted to support digestive health, which indirectly benefits liver function by helping to ensure efficient processing and elimination of substances.

Viral infections like hepatitis can lead to chronic liver disease. Silymarin has exhibited antiviral properties, inhibiting the replication of certain viruses, including hepatitis C.

Studies have shown that compounds in dandelion, such as polyphenols and sesquiterpene lactones, can inhibit the replication of certain viruses. Dandelion extract seems to exert activity against influenza, hepatitis B, and HIV, by interfering with viral attachment and replication processes. Its high antioxidant content also helps strengthen the immune system, enhancing the body’s natural defence against viral infections.

More clinical research is needed to ascertain its efficacy in humans, but dandelion has historically been used in natural health remedies, partly due to its perceived antiviral properties. Traditional medicine systems like Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda have long utilised dandelion for its ability to support the immune system and combat infections. In TCM, it’s been used to treat conditions like viral hepatitis and respiratory infections. Folk medicine has also harnessed dandelion’s detoxifying properties to address ailments linked to viral activity, such as fevers and skin conditions. While historical practices may not have specifically identified the “antiviral” compounds, modern research has revealed that its bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, can inhibit viral replication and reduce inflammation.

Liquorice root has demonstrated antiviral properties and so, as with milk thistle and dandelion, helping to protect the liver from viral infections that can cause liver damage.

Aminotransferase is an enzyme found in your liver and other tissues that helps the body to break down proteins by breaking down amino acids.

Elevated liver enzymes indicate that the liver is under stress or has been damaged. Supplementation with milk thistle has been associated with a reduction in liver enzyme levels, thereby potentially improving liver health and function.

Clinical trials have reported significant decreases in aminotransferase levels in patients treated with silymarin.

Research suggests that dandelion root and leaf extracts have hepatoprotective properties due to their rich content of antioxidants, vitamins, and phytochemicals. These compounds can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, which may help normalise elevated liver enzyme levels caused by liver stress or damage.

Some animal studies have shown that dandelion extract can lower levels of liver enzymes such as ALT and AST, markers of liver health.

Liquorice root supplementation has been shown to reduce markers of liver damage, indicating its potential to improve liver enzyme levels and overall liver function.

Incorporating milk thistle, dandelion, and liquorice into a personalised health regimen can offer multifaceted support for liver health. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties, as evidenced by scientific studies, align with the principles of holistic and functional medicine.

However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, as individual health conditions and needs vary.

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